By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Mar 25 2024Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. A recent Cancer Research study assessed the effect of tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use on DNA methylation changes associated with carcinogenesis.
The epigenome is a set of chemical modifications of DNA or proteins linked to DNA. Many studies have elucidated the role of epigenomics in carcinogenesis. This information has helped shed light on the long-term impacts of tobacco smoking and e-cigarette use. About the study The current study addressed the aforementioned issues to understand better tissue- and cell-specific epigenetic impacts of e-cigarette or tobacco use on DNAme. It used more than 3,500 cervical, buccal/saliva, or blood samples from immune and epithelial cells at directly and indirectly exposed sites. Additionally, a control sample set was used for validation.
Study findings The cell-specific alterations following cigarette and e-cigarette use that are associated with carcinogenesis have been uncovered in this study. Smoking was found to elicit changes in protected stem and submucosal gland cells. Cigarette smoking affected epithelial hypoM and this change was found in both proximal and distal exposure. Furthermore, DNAme alterations linked to specific proximal epithelial hyperM and distal epithelial hyperM were also identified.
This study further highlighted a partial reversibility of smoking-induced epigenetic alterations in former tobacco smokers. This observation was based on the fact that epithelial hypoM could not be distinguished between ex-smokers and those who never smoked. This observation could imply that the hypermethylated cells disappeared due to cell death or the displacement of the methyl group in the living cell.
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