SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist in breast milk following two and three COVID-19 vaccine doses

By Suchandrima BhowmikNov 16 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. The World Health Organization recommends that infants are breastfed for at least the first six months of life and that breastfeeding is continued, along with the gradual introduction of complementary food, for two years or more.

The secretory form of IgA is the predominant antibody found in human breast milk, whereas levels of IgG, which is present in its monomeric form, are lower as compared to both IgA and IgM. Young infants are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and hospitalization than older children. To date, COVID-19 vaccines have not been approved for infants below six months of age in the United States; however, vaccination during pregnancy can provide some protection to infants.

The collection of milk samples took place at six different time points, which included pre-vaccine, post-dose two, pre-dose three, post-dose three, five months post-dose three, and post-infection. In addition, maternal blood samples were collected at the same time points as milk collection. Of these 19 participants, 10 reported a breakthrough infection during the Omicron wave. Moreover, another 14 participants provided saliva and/or milk samples and infant saliva samples following their second or third vaccine dose.

The average age of the infants was eight months, all of whom were not exclusively breastfed. Milk anti-spike antibodies were observed six to eight months after receipt of the second vaccine dose.

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