New study defines clinical phenotype of Post-infectious ME/CFS, highlighting unique biomarker insights

By Tarun Sai LomteFeb 23 2024Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent study published in Nature Communications, researchers explored the pathophysiological mechanisms of post-infectious myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome .

As such, ME/CFS has no effective disease-modifying treatment; notably, developing/testing new treatments is impeded by the difficulty in defining cases and tracking responses through biomarkers or symptoms. The increased heart rate in PI-ME/CFS subjects throughout the day suggested higher sympathetic activity. Besides, the diminished drop in their nighttime heart rate indicated reduced parasympathetic activity.

Nine HVs and eight PI-ME/CFS subjects underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing . Except for one PI-ME/CFS subject, all others reached the peak respiratory exchange ratio . Furthermore, PI-ME/CFS subjects self-reported more cognitive complaints across all five domains tested. By contrast, no group differences were noted in the performance of any neuropsychological tests.

Principal component analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed 614 DE genes, clustering by disease status. Further exploration indicated clustering based on sex.

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