Impact of COVID-19 booster vaccination and breakthrough infection

By Bhavana KunkalikarDec 5 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers assessed the protection elicited after a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 booster vaccination or a breakthrough infection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection.

The team employed information recorded between 17 May 2022 and 12 September 2022 to assess the connection between anti-spike antibody responses and protection against infection in a UK population where Omicron BA.4/5 variants were predominant. During this time span, 13,097 out of 19,311 sequenced infections belonged to the BA.5/sub-lineage, 2924 to the BA.4/sub-lineage, 3268 to the BA.2/sub-lineage, and 22 to either other Omicron recombinants or the Delta variant.

Related StoriesOver 80% of subjects were protected against Omicron BA.4/5 infection after a prior Omicron BA.2 infection, irrespective of antibody levels. Protection against infections with moderate to high viral load and symptomatic illness was comparable. To achieve the same amount of protection, older participants, particularly those aged 70 years and above, needed greater antibody levels. There were fewer differences between younger and older individuals having a history of infection.

Approximately 42 days post-booster vaccination with the mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 after a ChAdOx1 primary course, 60% and 100% of individuals aged between 40 and 55 years, and 90% and 20% of those aged between 55 and 70 years exhibited antibody levels corresponding to 67% and higher levels of protection.

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