By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaAug 2 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers assessed the association between anti-desmoglein 1, 2 and 3 auto-antibodies in acute and convalescent serum samples obtained from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 of varying severity.
To investigate if the auto-Abs were specific for particular diseases, three cohorts were recruited for comparison, which were as follows: a cohort of influenza patients, a cohort of patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and a cohort of healthy controls. For the analysis, the intensive therapy unit -admitted severe COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 convalescents three to six months post-ITU discharge were recruited.
For exploring the association between cardiovascular comorbidities and anti-DSG2 auto-Abs, pre-pandemic serum samples were obtained from BBC-AF patients who had several cardiovascular comorbidities such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease.
Results Elevated DSG2 levels were observed in sera obtained from acute COVID-19 ITU patients in comparison to the non-COVID-19 ITU patients and healthy controls . Likewise, the corresponding DSP levels were 4.1 ng/ml, 1.7 ng/ml and 0.95 ng/ml, respectively. The findings indicated a potential association between DSG2 levels and COVID-19 severity.
None of the SARS-CoV-2 infection samples with skin auto-Abs showed positivity for anti-DSG1 or anti-DSG3 auto-Abs and contrastingly, 80% of them had anti-DSG2 auto-Ab levels higher than the topmost interquartile range for healthy controls . Further, auto-Ab titers in sera from patients with severe COVID-19 were comparable to those with non-COVID-19-associated cardiovascular illness . The cardiovascular comorbidity type or COVID-19 severity could not estimate the presence of anti-DSG2 auto-Abs.
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