How Does Moore's Law Relate to Nanotechnology?

By Brett SmithOct 16 2023Reviewed by Megan Craig, M.Sc. In 1975, American engineer Gordon Moore famously predicted that the densities of semiconductor chips would double every two years. This prediction eventually came to pass over the next two decades and it became known as Moore's Law.The advancement of semiconductor technology kept pace with Moore's Law until around the year 2000, when physical limitations created a significant bottleneck.

See our full range of analytical equipment. The Rise of Nanoscale Chips Today, it appears we are on the precipice of another bottleneck. Some of the most popular efforts are focused on two-dimensional semiconductors, and the growing number of advocates for this technology now includes industry giants like Intel and the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company .

MoS2 research efforts are focused on processing at the scales of two nanometers and smaller, which is far below the diffraction limit of visible light of around 200 nm. To address this limitation, the Dutch company ASML is currently developing a system based on extreme ultraviolet light that has a wavelength of 13.5 nm.

Fin field-effect transistors involve the use of fin-like structures on the silicone base. These structures allow for transistors to be stacked on top of each other, and some devices have more than 175 mask layers. The semiconductor industry is expected to be able to leverage FinFETS technology to make devices with more than 600 layers in the very near future.

As it currently stands, extending Moore's Law may not be as much a matter of physics, as a matter of economics. The upcoming TSMC factory will cost around $33 billion, which is $10 to $15 billion more than the cost of plants making five-nanometer semiconductor technology. Only a handful of companies are capable of spending this kind of money to advance semiconductor technology.

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