] did not observe a reduction in semen parameters up to 90 days after COVID-10 mRNA vaccination. However, these studies enrolled only a small number of young and healthy men from the United States and Israel. In order to provide more data on the matter of COVID-19 vaccines and male infertility, we designed this study to evaluate and estimate the safety of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on male fertility as represented by the semen parameters in a sample of Iraqi men.
After 2–4 days of abstinence, a single semen sample was obtained through masturbation and collected in sterile jars for analysis. The assessment started after the liquefaction of semen. Parameters studied included and were compared to the volunteers’ pre-vaccination results. All samples were analyzed within 30–60 min of ejaculation. Semen samples were analyzed manually strictly following the WHO manual guidelines for the examination and processing of human semen [].
Covid-19 vaccines were administered strictly in governmental health centres, and people who received the vaccine were provided with a “vaccination card” stating the dates of the first and second doses and the type of vaccine administered. Additionally, participants were asked about the side effects they experienced after each dose.
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