Disrupting Wnt signaling in the junctional epithelium stem cell niche causes periodontitis, research finds

Disrupting Wnt signaling in the junctional epithelium stem cell niche causes periodontitis, research findsA study that evaluated how biochemical inhibition of endogenous Wnt signaling affects barrier functions of the junctional epithelium was presented at the, which was held in conjunction with the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and the 48th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, on March 13-16, 2024, in New...

The study, by Fabiana Aellos of Stanford University, CA, U.S., used a strain of Wnt reporter mice, Axin2LacZ/+, to demonstrate that endogenous Wnt signaling was reduced by treatment with C59, a membrane-permeable palmitoyltransferase Porcupine inhibitor.

Topical C59 delivery led to a dose-dependent reduction in endogenous Wnt signaling, most significantly in the epithelial component of the JE. In response to reduced Wnt signaling, the JE stem cell niche was abolished, and expression of the hemidesmosomal proteins Laminin5, Beta4 integrin, and Plectin were significantly reduced.

Reducing endogenous Wnt signaling disrupts the stem cell niche, leading to the degradation of JE barrier functions and contributes to periodontal soft tissue breakdown. If continued studies validate these findings, then methods to prevent or potentially treat periodontitis may depend on restoring Wnt pathway activity to maintain the JE stem cell niche.

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