Balanced diet linked to better brain health and cognition, large-scale study shows

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Study utilizing the UK Biobank data identifies four dietary patterns, revealing the balanced diet subtype promotes superior cognitive functions and mental health outcomes compared to starch-free, vegetarian, or high-protein-low-fiber diets.

By Dr. Sushama R. Chaphalkar, PhD.Apr 3 2024Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. In a recent study published in the journal Nature Mental Health, researchers investigated the brain health domains of individuals identified with four distinct dietary subtypes, namely starch-free, vegetarian, high-protein-low-fiber, and balanced.

The relationship between dietary patterns and brain health potentially involves alterations in molecular biomarkers, gut microbiota, and brain structure and function. Links have been observed between high sugar and saturated fat intake to cognitive decline and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, unhealthy diets, like the Western pattern, are shown to be associated with higher risks of depression and other psychiatric conditions compared to balanced diets rich in plant-based foods.

Longitudinal data on mental disorders were also analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models to examine the differences among the subtypes. Structural equation models were used to examine the relationships between dietary patterns and brain health. Finally, genome-wide association analysis and gene expression analysis were conducted to study the genetic basis of food-liking subtypes and potential biological pathways.

 

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