By Dr. Chinta SidharthanDec 2 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers investigated passive immunization of the fetus and neonates by evaluating the antibody responses elicited by primary and booster doses of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination.
Evidence during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on the health of the mother and the fetus. Despite the evidence on the safety of the SARS-CoV-2 maternal vaccine, vaccine hesitancy among pregnant individuals has resulted in only 71.5% primary vaccinations and even less booster dose coverage.
The IgG end-point titers were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain . Specific isotypes of IgG were also measured in breastmilk and maternal, umbilical cord, and newborn plasma samples using horseradish peroxidase anti-human immunoglobulins G1, G2, G3, and G4.
Since other studies had reported differences in antibody end-point titers and transplacental transfer based on the sex of the fetus, the researchers also investigated associations between fetal sex and IgG levels in maternal circulation during gestation and delivery and in neonatal plasma. No significant associations were found between the sex of the fetus and levels of IgG in maternal blood or neonatal plasma.
Furthermore, the authors recommended breastfeeding until the newborn is at least six months old. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for children six months old or above, breastfeeding through the first year is beneficial since maternal antibodies after the booster dose have been seen to persist in breastmilk for at least 12 months post-partum.
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