Workers whose jobs can be done by machines suffered more layoffs per capita than those with jobs that aren’t as easily automated, the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia said in a report released Monday. People of colour were especially harmed, possibly because of their concentration in service jobs at risk of automation.
There has already been anecdotal evidence that the coronavirus has exacerbated job losses to machines. Besides harming business balance sheets, Covid-19 has forced companies to limit contact between customers and employees. The result has been hotels replacing humans with self-check-in kiosks, meatpacking plants deploying slaughterhouse robots, and call centers using artificial intelligence to hold conversations.
The study by economists Lei Ding and Julieth Saenz Molina compared automatable jobs – such as shuttle drivers, retail salespersons, and bank tellers – to occupations at a low risk of being taken by robots, including nurses, plumbers, and teachers. Workers with automatable occupations lost 4.2 more jobs per 100 than the low-risk workers as of August. There were 2.6 million jobs nationwide at risk of permanent automation last month, the study said.
“Pandemic-induced automation is also likely to exacerbate many preexisting racial and economic disparities,” the report said. “The jobs threatened by automation are not evenly distributed across society.”
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