The five factors behind rising rates of cancer in under 40s

Rates of colorectal cancer were rapidly increasing in the under 40s, they said, so much so that cases were expected to double in this age group by 2030, and the disease was set to become the number one source of cancer deaths in 20-to 49-year-olds by the end of the decade.

This all promotes the growth of a particular strain of bacteria called Fusobacterium nucleatum which has been associated with a whole range of cancers including breast, colorectal, and head and neck cancers. One of the most well-known risk factors for stomach cancer is the bacteria Helicobacter pylori which is thought to be responsible for about 40 per cent of cases in the UK. H. pylori lives in the mucous layers that line the stomach and contributes to conditions such as atrophic gastritis, the chronic inflammation and thinning of the stomach lining, which can then progress to cancer.

“You have these bacteria and an unhealthy lifestyle with excess red meat, alcohol, and smoking, and some people may also have a genetic predisposition element which increases their risk,” he says. “When you add all those factors up, it leads to a big increase in the risk of cancer.”It’s not only bacteria that can drive cases of cancer. Viruses have also been linked with different forms of the disease.

“There’s also a theory that certain bacteria can impair the gut vascular barrier which stops the spread of bacteria from your colon to your wider circulation, and if you have an impaired gut vascular barrier, then tumour cells can move out of the colon and metastasise to other organs.”However, there are other cases of cancer in the young for which microbial involvement has not yet been identified.

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