The Physics of Faraday Cages

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The Physics of Faraday Cages
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You can't block electromagnetic waves, but there's still a way to keep electronic devices like cell phones in stealth mode.

What Is an Electromagnetic Wave? An electric charge creates an electric field in the region around it. This field points away from positive charges and decreases in strength as it gets farther away from the charge. Here’s a visualization of the electric field, showing a positive charge along with arrows at different locations representing the electric field: But there's actually another way to create an electric field—with a magnetic field.

That’s not the case for an insulator, a material like wood, plastic, or glass. For an insulator, these electrons are stuck with their original atoms and can not move around. Because conductors can let charges move, some cool stuff can happen. Namely, when an electric field encounters a conducting material, it will move charges so that the net electric field is zero. Here’s a thought experiment: Imagine that I have a sphere made of a conducting metal and I add some extra electrons.

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