Iron Deficiency May Protect Against Bacterial Pneumonia

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Patients with iron deficiency anemia who developed bacterial pneumonia showed improved outcomes compared to those without iron deficiency anemia, based on data from more than 450,000 individuals in the National Inpatient Sample.

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Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, and can lead to anemia, but iron also has been identified as essential to the survival and growth of pathogenic organisms, Mubarak Yusuf, MD, said inHowever, the specific impact of iron deficiency anemia on outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute bacterial infections has not been explored, said Yusuf, a third-year internal medicine resident at Lincoln Medical Center in New York.

In the study, Yusuf and colleagues reviewed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database for 2016-2019. They identified 452,040 adults aged 18 or older with a primary diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia based on ICD-10 codes. Patients with a principal diagnosis other than bacterial pneumonia were excluded.

Of these, 5.5% had a secondary diagnosis of IDA. The mean age of the study population was similar between the IDA and non-IDA groups and racial distribution was similar, with a White majority of approximately 77%. Slightly more patients in the IDA group were women and this difference was statistically significant . Most of the patients in the IDA group had at least three comorbidities, as did 78.1% of the non-IDA group.

The primary outcome was mortality, and the overall mortality in the study population was 2.89%. Although the mortality percentage was higher in the IDA group compared to the non-IDA group ,"when we adjusted for confounders, we noticed a decreased odds of mortality in the IDA group" with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.74 (

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But iron deficiency is not exactly a good thing on the body either. 😕

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