More than six centuries of Ottoman rule ended 100 years ago. nords41 reflects on the events in his detailed but digestible history
: the rise of Europe’s colonising democracies—largely liberal at home but prone to heavy-handed imperialism abroad—at the expense of traditional theocracies, organised around fealty to a sovereign whose power was more than symbolic.
As adaptations go, modern Turkey’s was long seen as successful, albeit with terrible costs for Anatolia’s persecuted Christians. Out of the core of a ramshackle empire, the republic’s founders fashioned a more or less modern statehood, with a secular constitution, universal entitlements and obligations and intermittent multi-party democracy.
Informing this book is the idea that the Ottoman empire’s downfall was not predestined by backwardness, or even by defeat in a global war. Nor, it suggests, did change inevitably follow the principal catalyst: Greece’s occupation of the great multinational port of Izmir, followed by the advance into Anatolia of a Greek expeditionary force.
Or did it? By way of continuity, some historians note that the empire was itself reforming and modernising, with contested elections and enhanced rights for non-Muslims. Others see a contrary sort of overlap in theof modern Turkey, including the power of the army and state control over religious affairs.
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