The launch of Singapore’s final Invincible-class submarine on April 22 marked a new era in the Republic’s submarine journey.
Here is a closer look at the evolution of the Republic of Singapore Navy’s submarines, from the Challenger class and Archer class, which are refurbished Swedish vessels, to the new Invincible-class that was designed for Singapore’s needs from the get-go.Between 1995 and 1997, the RSN bought four Sjoormen-class submarines from the Swedes, refurbished them and renamed them the Challenger class. These 51m-long subs were built for the Royal Swedish Navy in 1968.
The first of the four Challenger-class submarines was launched in 1997 in Sweden. RSN personnel trained with the Royal Swedish Navy. Two of these submarines were retired in 2015 while the other two, RSS Conqueror and RSS Chieftain, remain operational. These earlier generations of submarines had to be retrofitted to operate in warm tropical waters, which included replacing steel pipes with copper nickel iron ones to reduce corrosion, and installing a system to minimise barnacle growth on the submarine surface.In 2005, Singapore inked another deal with the Swedes to buy two newer submarines from them.
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