WASHINGTON - Richard Lugar, who represented Indiana in the Senate for 36 years and whose mastery of foreign affairs made him one of only a handful of senators in modern history to exercise substantial influence on the nation's international relations, died Sunday in Annandale, Virginia. He was 87.
The Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Programme was based on the novel concept of providing US funds to destroy obsolete nuclear missiles and materials elsewhere in the world. In 1986, President Ronald Reagan chose Lugar to lead an official US delegation to monitor a pivotal election in the Philippines. President Ferdinand Marcos, the country's longtime rule, appeared to win the vote, turning back a tide of demonstrations in favour of democracy that had forced him to hold the election. The Reagan administration was on the verge of recognising that result.
Lugar was a critic of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. But unlike Fulbright's forceful criticism of the Vietnam War, Lugar's opposition to the Iraq conflict, both the invasion itself and the conduct of the war afterward, was tendered in more moderate terms. New jobs were found for the Soviet Union's nuclear scientists and weapons-developers, in an effort to keep them from being tempted to sell their services.
Mr Putin set the country on the course of nuclear modernisation, and Lugar, over a dinner several years ago, lamented that Mr Obama had not been more aggressive in dismantling parts of the US arsenal that he considered no longer necessary. He then became a Rhodes Scholar, and during his studies at Oxford, he visited the US Embassy in London in 1957 to enlist in the Navy.
He rebounded, however. In 1967, at age 35, he was elected mayor of Indianapolis. In his two terms, he helped conceive and enact a plan to unify Indianapolis with surrounding Marion County in all forms of government except for the schools. What was more, attention to foreign relations has traditionally brought few political dividends to senators. And in his case, he held an expansive, internationalist view of world affairs that many party conservatives came to disdain.
Mr Dan Diller, a Lugar speechwriter for many years, said that Lugar had made it immediately plain that he would not become a lobbyist, the path of many former lawmakers.
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