Premature babies face higher risk of diabetes as children and young adults

Babies who are born too early may be more likely to develop diabetes as children and young adults than full-term infants, a new study suggests.

Pregnancy normally lasts about 40 weeks, and babies born after 37 weeks of gestation are considered full-term. Babies born prematurely - earlier than 37 weeks - often have difficulty breathing and digesting food in the weeks after birth. Preemies can also encounter longer-term challenges such as impaired vision, hearing and cognitive skills, as well as social and behavioral problems.

Overall, 0.7 per cent of the babies in the study population went on to develop type 1 diabetes and just 0.1 per cent developed type 2 diabetes, the researchers report in Diabetologia. With type 2 diabetes, female preemies were 60 per cent more likely to develop this disease during childhood than full-term babies, while preemie males didn't have an increased risk. For young adults in the study, women who were preemies had a 75 per cent increased risk of type 2 diabetes and men who were preterm had a 28 per cent increased risk.

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