How to ship a coronavirus vaccine at minus 80 deg C, and other obstacles

WASHINGTON - Many things will have to work out to end the coronavirus pandemic. Drug companies will have to develop a safe and effective vaccine. Billions of people will have to consent to vaccination.Among them: Companies may have to transport tiny glass vials thousands of miles while keeping them as cold as the South Pole in the depths of winter.

The US military and a federal contractor are expected to play a role in coordinating the distribution. But a hodgepodge of companies are scrambling to figure out how to keep hundreds of millions of doses of a vaccine very, very cold. Dr Robert Redfield, director of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, told a Senate committee last Wednesday that a vaccine would not be widely available until the middle of next year.

At FedEx, the vaccine preparations are being led by Mr Richard W. Smith, the son of the company's founder Fred W. Smith. The younger Smith, who runs the company's airline operations in the Americas, was in charge of the life sciences business for FedEx's airline operations in 2009, during the H1N1 pandemic. At the time, the US government asked FedEx to prepare to help transport vaccines, Mr Smith said, and the company doubled its number of freezers around the globe.

But ethanol production ebbs and flows based on the demand for gasoline. This spring, as stay-at-home orders went into effect, people began driving less. As a result, ethanol production slumped, and so did the supply of carbon dioxide.

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