When Siddhartha Gautama was born, he was clearly no ordinary infant. According to Buddhist texts, he raised his hand to the skies and declared, “In the heavens above and below the heavens, I am the world’s most honored one. Know more:
Lotus Lantern Festival “Yeon Deung Hoe” celebrating Buddha’s birthday in South Korea on May 11, 2013.When Siddhartha Gautama was born, he was clearly no ordinary infant. According to Buddhist texts, he raised his hand to the skies and , “In the heavens above and below the heavens, I am the world’s most honored one. I will free all beings from birth, old age, sickness and death.”
Yet the title “the Buddha” typically refers to this historical figure, Siddhartha Gautama, who went on to found Buddhism. In Korea, on the other hand, the Buddha’s birthday became a more commercial festival under the Choson dynasty, which frowned upon Buddhist religious practices and ended in 1910. As a scholar of Buddhism who studies the religion’s transmission from India to China, I am keenly aware of how people adapt practices and ideas to their own cultures.In South Asia and Southeast Asia, the Buddha’s birthday is celebrated on the full moon of the second lunar month, known as Vesākha or Vaiśākha.
In Japan, meanwhile, the Buddha’s birthday is called “Flower Festival”—Hana Matsuri in Japanese—and celebrated on April 8, following the government’s decision to adopt the Gregorian calendar in 1873. In East Asia, however, the Buddha’s enlightenment and passing are honored on separate days, so the spring holiday only focuses on the Buddha’s birth.Throughout East Asia, Buddhists will bathe statues of the infant Buddha-to-be, recite Buddhist scriptures and make donations to Buddhist temples—but there will still be a lot of diversity in these celebrations.
Korean celebrations of the Buddha’s birthday are distinctive for their use of lanterns, which represent the light of awakening and can also be used as vehicles for prayers and vows sent up toward the heavens.The Buddha’s birthday has even been observed in North Korea since 1988, despite the country’s general suppression of religious activity.
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