These game-changing student experiments could help humans travel across deep space

And some of the most groundbreaking DNA investigations taking place on the orbiting laboratory were designed by students.

"We decided we wanted to really understand what happens to DNA repair pathways in space," said Vijayakumar, now a junior at Yale University studying molecular biophysics and biochemistry. A separate device called MinION was able to sequence the repaired DNA in the copies. By sequencing the DNA, the astronauts were able to determine that it was correctly repaired -- all in the absence of gravity.

The results of the experiment were published in a study in the journal PLOS ONE in June. These findings can provide a model for future DNA research studying cell repair, as well as help facilitate countermeasures or potential pharmaceutical treatments. It also sets up the potential for enabling further genome editing in space.

Kristoff Misquitta, now a freshman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, won the 2020 Genes in Space contest with his experiment designed to understand how livers function in space. The 2020 contest was entirely virtual for the first time because of the pandemic. "It basically lets you visualize the fluorescence generated by organic molecules, and we're hoping to use that in the future as a platform for quick diagnostics and other investigations, so it's a forward-looking experiment setting up for a lot of exciting tests in the future," he said.

"About one in five times across 79 shuttle missions, we know that those medications tended not to work perfectly effectively," Misquitta said."We're looking to address those rare cases when they don't work at all."

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