Geoengineering: ‘Plan B’ for the planet

A composite of images of the Sentinel-3 satellite of the European Space Agency’s Copernicus program, which will monitor Earth’s oceans. EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY/AFP

Experiments have shown it is possible to suck planet-warming carbon dioxide directly from the air, converting it into fuel pellets or storing it underground. DRAWBACK: Even if deforestation could be reversed — more than 100,000 square kilometers of tropical forests have disappeared each year since 2013 — the number of trees needed to put a dent in CO2 emissions would clash with food and biofuel crops.Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage marries a natural process with a high-tech one.

DRAWBACK: Studies calculate that up to twice the area of India would need to be given over to biofuels, putting BECCS in conflict with food crops. Spreading a powdered form of a greenish iron silicate called olivine across certain landscapes can mimic that process, experiments have shown.Biochar is charcoal made by heating plant waste — rice straw, peanut shells, wood scraps — over long periods in low-oxygen conditions. It can store CO2 for long periods, and also enriches soil.

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