‘Extinct in the wild’ species in conservation limbo

A Barbary lioness and her cub , part of a Panthera leo population that is extinct in the wild, are pictured in their enclosure at the Rabat zoo, in the Moroccan capital, on February 2, 2022. Fadel Senna/ AFP

While the category "extinct in the wild" was not added to the benchmark Red List of Threatened Species until 1994, the term could have applied to all of them. Biodiversity loss has reached crisis proportions not seen since an errant asteroid as big across as Paris smashed into Earth 66 million years ago, wiping out land dinosaurs and ending the Cretaceous period.Scientists say human activity has pushed Earth into the sixth, with species disappearing 100 to 1,000 times more quickly than normal.

"We cannot predict the tipping point that will send ecosystems into a total collapse but it is an inevitable outcome if we do not reverse biodiversity loss." After reintroduction into the wild in 1952, the broad-shouldered beasts thrived and are no longer considered threatened with extinction by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature , the keepers of the Red List.

Other creatures that never made it out of intensive care include Hawaii's black-faced honey creeper, a petite bird devastated by mosquito-borne avian malaria last seen in 2004; Mexico's freshwater Catarina pupfish, unsuccessfully relocated to captivity when its native habitat dried out due to groundwater extraction; and five types of snail on the Society Islands that fell victim to an invasive carnivorous cousin.

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