| Earthquake: When ground shakes

I was in my room when the recent earthquake happened. Unlike those in the previous earthquakes, particularly those that happened in 2019, I was never literally shaken. I was just in my room, didn’t panic and waited for the moment if the shaking would become stronger. Thank God, it didn’t.

I have learned, through my readings, that about 90% of the world’s earthquakes and 89% of the world’s largest earthquakes occur along the Pacific Ring of Fire. In a 40,000 kilometers horseshoe shape, this basin of the Pacific Ocean is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and/or plate movements.

“About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire planet,” wrote Bruce A. Bolt in Encyclopædia Britannica. “Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.

Faults are breaks or zones of weakness in rocks along which displacements have occurred or can occur again. They may extend for hundreds of kilometers downward, even down to the base of the so-called lithosphere. Faults showing signs or documented history of recent displacements are called active faults.

Earthquakes also occur in trenches or those deep, narrow cuts under the ocean. The Philippines is unfortunate to have two long trenches: the Philippine Trench in the east and the Manila Trench in the west. Other trenches include the East Luzon Trench, the Negros Trench, the Sulu Trench, the Cotabato Trench, and the Davao Trench.

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