Lyme Disease is caused by an infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and other similar shaped microorganisms . It is transmitted to humans by tick bites . The consequent infection and the body’s immune response to the infection are what causes the signs and symptoms seen in Lyme Disease.
• Stage 1: the mildest stage. It causes a rash in the pattern of a bull’s eye . This rash appears a few days to a month after the tick bite and is accompanied by headaches, lymph node swelling, neck stiffness, shortness of breath, fever, malaise, chills, loss of appetite, generalized fatigue, loss of energy, and muscle or joint ache. This is the most common stage seen in clinical practice.
• Stage 3: This begins nearly 2 years after the tick bite. There are usually severe symptoms at this stage which may include paralysis, inflammation of the covering of the brain , memory loss, mood swingsIf Lyme disease is suspected, two specific blood tests may be carried out amongst other investigations based on the symptoms. There are:The second test is only carried out if the first is positive or if symptoms persist beyond a month.
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