Epigenetics, satiety, and predictive markers of obesity. MedTwitter obesity
MADRID — Obesity rates and the growing prevalence of metabolic diseases present specialists with the need to look for tools that allow for a better diagnosis. They also suggest a need for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. To this end, investigators have focused onthat shed light on the mechanisms of obesity, the risk for associated complications, and the response to dietary intervention or to bariatric surgery.
"We are all exposed to an obesogenic environment derived from the consumption of ultraprocessed foods and fast food, from elevated sedentarism and from environmental contamination: endocrine disruptors. However, not all the population has obesity. Rather, there are people that resist this effect of the obesogenic environment, while another group, to a greater extent, is susceptible to suffering from it.
The role of epigenetics revealed where its mechanisms connect the environment and genetics."There is currently evidence that there are epigenetic mechanisms related to obesity, but we don't know very well if it's the obesity that induces these epigenetic markers or if it's the epigenetic markers that predetermine the disease," said Crujeiras.
"Additionally, physical activity has been shown to reverse obesity-associated methylome, which at the same time is related to the metabolic benefits that physical activity induces," she said."Bariatric surgery is also capable of reversing obesity-associated methylome. And as occurs with the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet, we have seen that the Mediterranean diet is associated with changes in methylation in certain genes.
"Regarding the strategies that are currently used to approach obesity, reality demonstrates that if there is a formula that works to lose weight long term, it is bariatric surgery. The studies show that around 50% to 70% of patients maintain the weight loss after 10 years. However, we need to consider aspects such as the reoperation rate, which is not negligible.
"Therefore, some aspects such as appetite regulation and satiety are noted as a compensation strategy. It appears that subjects that experience this rebound effect have a greater capacity to feel satiated. Therefore, the effort needed for them to lose weight is even greater, a situation that causes them a greater sense of guilt. It also favors discouragement, and the risk of depression or anxiety increases," Bulló added.
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