To earn a “Good” rating, the second-row dummy cannot record an excessive injury risk to the head, neck, chest, or thigh. The dummy can’t slide below the lap belt, known as “submarining,” and the head must remain a safe distance from the back of the front seat and the rest of the vehicle’s interior. The dummy also records if the shoulder belt is too high, which can reduce the restraint system’s effectiveness.
All five trucks provided “Good” protection overall for the driver, although the Gladiator and Tacoma rated “Acceptable” — a slightly higher risk of injury — to the driver’s leg or foot. In the Colorado, Frontier, Ranger, and Tacoma, the rear dummy’s head came too close to the front seat. The dummy submarined under the lap belt in the Ranger, which also recorded a moderate risk of chest injuries. The Colorado, Gladiator, and Tacoma indicated a moderate or likely risk of both neck and chest injuries to the rear occupant.
“Our updated moderate overlap front crash test proved to be challenging for small pickups,” said David Harkey, president of IIHS. “A common problem was that the rear passenger dummy’s head came dangerously close to the front seatback; and in many cases, dummy measurements indicated a risk of neck or chest injuries. All these things tell us that the rear seat belts need improvement.”
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