In the early 1900s, Canada put out ads to attract white American farmers. Black Indigenous settlers came too | CBC Documentaries LoadedAfter ads offering free land were accidentally placed in Black newspapers, Black and multiracial Americans came north. ‘They never expected Black farmers to answer the call,’ author Karina Vernon says.
Officials launched a campaign in American newspapers to entice farmers to take up 65-hectare homesteads for free . The Five Civilized Tribes — Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole — were slave-holding nations. When the Five Tribes were forcibly removed from their ancestral home in the American southeast in the 1830s and shuffled onto Indian Territory, they brought enslaved Black people with them.
It is not surprising that these doubly disenfranchised Black Indigenous people were particularly receptive to the ads for free Canadian land. They were, racially at least, already borderless after all.When they arrived on the Canadian Prairies along with Black folks from Kansas, Texas and Missouri, government agents thought of the Oklahomans as "Indians." Their oral histories attest to this. Gwendolyn Hooks grew up on a farm near Breton, Alta.
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