Driven by longstanding enmities between Catholics and Protestants over British rule, the conflict pitted neighbor against neighbor in acts of guerrilla warfare
a policy of internment without trial and arrested hundreds of IRA members and suspected nationalists.As the situation deteriorated, the nation’s police force struggled to maintain order. Then, on January 30, 1972, the Troubles took an even darker turn when 15,000 nationalist protesters took to the streets in Derry in defiance of a ban on marches.
Men walk along a wall separating the Catholic and Protestant neighborhoods of Belfast. These so-called peace walls were erected to protect residents from random acts of destruction and violence. In Belfast, up to 15,000 people were displaced in the first decade of the Troubles.Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.
After the collapse of the Sunningdale Agreement, terrorist and counter-terrorist activity resumed with bombings, street fighting, and other violence erupting regularly. The carnage even reached the royal family; in 1979, members of the IRA blew up the boat of Lord Louis Mountbatten, Queen Elizabeth’s second cousin and Prince Philip’s uncle, assassinating him and killing one of his sons and another passenger.
Progress continued to be made at the negotiating table—even as ongoing violence threatened to upend it all. In 1993, British Prime Minister John Major issued a declaration that laid the ground for peace talks, and the IRA and other paramilitary groups declared a ceasefire the following year. But the ceasefire fell apart in the mid 1990s when the British government told the IRA they must completely disarm before joining the peace process.
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