Science, Space and Technology News 2024
Researchers using mini-brain models have found that autism spectrum disorder might stem from an imbalance in specific brain neurons essential for communication. Credit: SciTechDaily.comThey discovered an imbalance in excitatory cortical neurons, which are crucial for brain communication and function. By analyzing gene expression in these neurons, they identified changes in transcription factors that may underlie ASD.
Nearly 1 in 36 children in the U.S. has been identified with autism spectrum disorder, according to estimates from theFor the study, the scientists first created miniature 3D brain-like models, called organoids. The pea-sized clusters of cells began as skin cells from people with autism spectrum disorder. The skin cells were placed in a culture dish and “reprogrammed” back into a stem-cell-like state, called induced pluripotent stem cells.
“Autism is mostly a genetic disease. Our goal is to be able to determine the risk of autism spectrum disorder and possibly prevent it in an unborn child using prenatal genetic testing. However, this would require detailed knowledge of how brain regulation gets derailed during development. There are many aspects in which organoids could help in this direction,” says Dr. Abyzov.
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