Nature research paper: Thousands of conductance levels in memristors integrated on CMOS
. Here we report 2,048 conductance levels achieved with memristors in fully integrated chips with 256 × 256 memristor arrays monolithically integrated on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits in a commercial foundry. We have identified the underlying physics that previously limited the number of conductance levels that could be achieved in memristors and developed electrical operation protocols to avoid such limitations.
Scale bars, 1 μm and 100 nm ., As-programmed and after-denoising currents of a memristor are read by a constant voltage . The denoising process eliminated the large-amplitude RTN observed in the as-programmed state ., Magnification of three nearest-neighbour states after denoising. The current of each state was read by a constant voltage . No large-amplitude RTN was observed, and all of the states can be clearly distinguished.
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