These 8 GMOs tell a brief history of genetic modification

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These 8 GMOs tell a brief history of genetic modification
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Since the first genetically modified organism 50 years ago, GMOs have brought us disease-resistant crops, new drugs and more.

Half a century ago, the first genetically modified organism ushered in a new era of biological innovation. To mark this anniversary, here are eight milestone GMOs. Many have had, or are poised to have, a dramatic impact on our lives.,” says geneticist Matthew Cobb of the University of Manchester in England. In 1978, facing problems with insulin derived from pigs and cows, scientistsThe genetically engineered mouse on the left is missing a gene affecting hair growth.

Some people also trace a rise in GMO opposition back to the Flavr Savr tomato, Kovak says. The tomato went through intense safety tests, but people opposed to GMO foods more generally, then and now, point to potential health and environmental risks.Golden rice is genetically modified to produce a precursor to vitamin A. It’s noticeably yellow compared with ordinary white rice .

More than 2 billion people worldwide face micro­nutrient deficiencies. Traditional breeding and genetic engineering can amp up those nutrients, and. “More than half of the world’s population, including many of those living in poverty, rely on rice for most of their daily calories,” says B.P. Mallikarjuna Swamy, a rice biofortification researcher at the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Philippines.

Some researchers are turning to GMOs for conservation. The American chestnut, which once dominated the eastern seaboard, offers an early example of what such efforts might look like. These “redwoods of the East” were severely reduced by the mid-1900s by a parasitic fungus introduced from imported trees. Historical efforts to develop a blight-resistant chestnut using traditional breeding haven’t panned out, but the Darling chestnut might be the answer.

Other research teams are adding genes that make mosquitoes resistant to a pathogen, says Macias, thereby preventing disease spread. And advances in gene editing mean it’s now possible to useGenetics

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