The Earth’s continents are part of what makes the planet uniquely habitable for sustaining life. Despite this, little is known about what gave rise to these massive pieces of the Earth’s crust.
, a group of silicate minerals. According to this theory, the garnet found in the magmas beneath continental arc volcanoes is removing non-oxidized iron from the Earth’s terrestrial plates. At the same time, the molten magma is depleted of iron and is more oxidized.
“You need high pressures to make garnet stable, and you find this low-iron magma at places where crust isn’t that thick and so the pressure isn’t super high,”Five years ago, Cottrell and Megan Holycross from Cornell University, along with their colleagues began to search for ways to test whether crystallization of garnet beneath arc volcanoes is actually essential for creating continental crust.
The materials were then taken to the Advanced Photon Source at the US Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois. Using high-energy X-ray beams, the team conductedThis technique can tell scientists about the structure and composition of materials based on how they absorb X-rays. The team looked at the concentrations of oxidized and unoxidized iron to check and calibrate X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements and compare it with the materials from earlier experiments.
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