Secrets of Hypernuclei Flow: First Observations at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider — Particle collisions offer |
Physicists at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have made the first observation of the directed flow of hypernuclei, rare nuclei containing at least one hyperon, in particle collisions. Hyperons, which contain a “strange” quark, are believed to be abundant in neutron stars, one of the universe’s densest objects. By simulating these conditions in the laboratory, researchers aim to understand the interactions between hyperons and nucleons.
“The conditions in a neutron star may still be far from what we reach at this moment in the laboratory, but at this stage it’s the closest we can get,” said Xin Dong, a physicist from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who was involved in the study. “By comparing our data from this laboratory environment to our theories, we can try to infer what happens in the neutron star.
“There are no solid calculations to really establish these hyperon-nucleon interactions,” said Zhang. “This measurement may potentially constrain theories and provide a variable input for the calculations.”Previous experiments have shown that the flow patterns of regular nuclei generally scale with mass—meaning the more protons and neutrons a nucleus has, the more the nuclei exhibit collective flow in a particular direction.
Seeing similar flow patterns and the mass scaling relationship for both normal nuclei and hypernuclei, the scientists say, implies that the nucleon-nucleon and hyperon-nucleon interactions are very similar.
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