People with MS produce antibodies to the virus that mistakenly attack a protein in the brain and spinal cord, researchers found.
One leading theory for how EBV can cause MS is tied to a concept called molecular mimicry. Put simply, it’s the idea that EBV or a piece of it can closely resemble proteins or other molecules naturally occurring in the body. When our immune system tries to mount a defense against infection, it might sometimes learn to target both EBV and these friendly bystanders, leading to MS.
Among other functions, CRYAB is thought to help keep certain proteins from forming into potentially harmful clumps.against CRYAB. They also showed that these antibodies couldto a specific antigen of the virus—one that their previous research has linked to the development of MS. Lastly, they found some evidence that this cross-reaction can also happen in T cells, another key part of the immune system.
The findings, while important, aren’t likely to explain every case of MS. For instance, only about 23% of MS patients seemed to have these cross-reactive antibodies to CRYAB . But it’s possible that there are several other native molecules that can be mistaken for EBV by the immune system and can thus spark MS, the authors say. This might also explain why no two MS patients experience the illness in the same way.The researchers next plan to look more closely at how miscalibrated T cells can contribute to MS.
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