Russia launches first Moon mission in half a century: what it means for science

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Russia launches first Moon mission in half a century: what it means for science
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The Luna 25 spacecraft will attempt to land at the lunar south pole for the first time in a hunt for valuable water ice.

for the first time since Apollo 17 in 1972, is also focusing on the south pole. As part of Artemis, several US companies are set to attempt landings there in the coming years.

In June, Yuri Borisov, head of Russia’s space agency Roscosmos, described the Luna 25 mission as “high risk” with a 70% chance of success. NASA chief Senator Bill Nelson said on 8 August that the agency “wished them well”, noting that NASA saw any space race to return humans to the Moon as being between the United States and China.

Water ice, if discovered, would be useful scientifically. “By understanding how the Moon has collected water over time, we could start to piece together the history of water in the Solar System,” says Barber. “We can start asking questions about the local conditions near Earth as it was evolving.” “A null result is potentially just as interesting as a positive detection,” says Landis. Next year, a NASA rover called VIPER and a separate hopping spacecraft called Micro-Nova from the US firm Intuitive Machines will also look for ice inside lunar craters at the south pole. Results from this variety of surface missions could “help us narrow down where the water could be”, says Landis.

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