Researchers have discovered a remarkable new species of sea slug that lives in the deep sea. Nicknamed the 'mystery mollusc,' the nudibranch Bathydevius caudactylus swims through the ocean's midnight zone with a large gelatinous hood and paddle-like tail, and lights up with brilliant bioluminescence.
A new glowing nudibranch species is the first known to swim through the ocean's midnight zone and has unique adaptations for life in this environmentResearchers have discovered a remarkable new species of sea slug that lives in the deep sea. Nicknamed the 'mystery mollusc,' the nudibranch Bathydevius caudactylus swims through the ocean's midnight zone with a large gelatinous hood and paddle-like tail, and lights up with brilliant bioluminescence.
After gently collecting a specimen, MBARI researchers were able to take a closer look at the animal in the lab. Through detailed investigations of anatomy and genetics, they began to solve the mystery, finally confirming that this incredible animal is a nudibranch. The mystery mollusc is currently known to live in the waters offshore of the Pacific coast of North America, with sightings on MBARI expeditions as far north as Oregon and as far south as Southern California. An observation of a similar-looking animal by NOAA researchers in the Mariana Trench in the Western Pacific, suggests the mystery molluscmay have a more widespread distribution.
Mystery molluscs are typically seen in open water far below the surface and far above the seafloor. They move through these waters by flexing their body up and down to swim or simply drifting motionless with the currents. To avoid being eaten, the mystery mollusc hides in plain sight with a transparent body. Rapidly closing the oral hood facilitates a quick escape, similar to the pulse of a jelly's bell.
Detailed examination of specific gene sequences confirmed that the mystery molluscis unique enough from other known nudibranchs to merit the creation of a new family, Bathydeviidae. Two shallow-water nudibranchs -- the lion's mane nudibranch -- use a hood to capture prey; however, this appears to be convergent evolution of a similar feeding method, as the mystery mollusc is only distantly related to these species.
"Deep-sea animals capture the imagination. These are our neighbors that share our blue planet. Each new discovery is an opportunity to raise awareness about the deep sea and inspire the public to protect the amazing animals and environments found deep beneath the surface," said Robison.
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