Archaeological research using lidar technology has uncovered the extent of Guiengola, a 15th-century Zapotec city in Oaxaca, Mexico, revealing a complex urban center with over 1,100 buildings, temples, ballcourts, and extensive defensive walls. Previously thought to be a simple fortress, Guiengola's discovery sheds new light on Zapotec civilization's social structure and political organization before European contact.
The archaeological site of Guiengola in Oaxaca, Mexico, was once thought to be a fortress, just an outpost where soldiers were garrisoned. However, new research has found that it is now known to be overgrown ruins of a 15th-century Zapotec city.Guiengola is estimated to span 360 hectares of land and is said to have contained more than 1,100 buildings, temples, and ballcourts, along with four kilometers’ worth of defense walls and an internal network of roads.
Furthermore, using the maps generated from the lidar alongside the artifacts found on the site, Ramón Celis was able to establish Guiengola as a military base alongside an urban center consisting of planned community spaces that reflected social stratification. The city was abandoned just before the arrival of the Spanish, and the citizens subsequently relocated to the nearby Tehuantepec.
ZAPOTEC CITY MEXICO ARCHEOLOGY LIDAR
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