The prevalence of osteoporosis, the most common bone disease in humans, often goes unnoticed until a fracture takes place. What are some effective methods for detecting and managing this condition? MedEd
Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.It is a chronic condition of multifactorial etiology that is usually clinically silent for many years. Compared with normal boneshows thinning and loss of trabeculae; the result is bone that is very fragile. There is an increased risk for fractures, even after minimal trauma.
Image data from US Department of Health and Human Services. Diseases of Bone. In: Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General; 2004.Osteoporosis can be primary or secondary . A whole host of medical conditions are risk factors for the development of secondary osteoporosis.
In the United States, diagnostic and treatment criteria for osteoporosis are based primarily on DXA measurements. Measurements are typically made in both hips and the lumbar spine. The forearm may be substituted in some patients if the hip or spine cannot be measured, but predictive accuracy is diminished. Accurate measurement requires proper placement of the patient. Rotation, degenerative changes, cysts, or other bone deformities can cause erroneous results.
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