The virus has been confined to certain areas of the Amazon but is moving into new turf as climate change enables the insects that spread it to spread out. Here's what we know.
A magnification of the head of a midge larva. Midges — biting flies — and mosquitoes are spreading the Oropouche virus in Latin America, which is reporting higher numbers in 2024.The subject of these alerts is the Oropouche virus, named after a village in Trinidad where it was first identified in 1955. Like malaria, dengue and Zika, it’s spread by insect bites – mosquitoes as well as midges, biting flies.
“Although the disease has historically been described as mild, the geographic spread in transmission and the detection of more severe cases underscore the need for increased surveillance and characterization of possible more severe manifestations,” read But other countries that aren’t as used to dealing with a virus like Oropouche may have more difficulty curbing infections. Tulio de Oliveria says there is a potential for this virus to spread around the world.
And how do you know which virus you have? PCR tests for Oropouche are now widely available throughout Brazil, although that wasn’t the case earlier in the year. Naveca's additional concern: There is no vaccine for this virus, and creating one might be challenging because — like the flu — this virus is made up of several parts that can shift. If they do shift, it’s harder to target the virus with a shot.
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