The 2024 Nobel prize in physics has gone to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton for discoveries that enabled machine learning and are key to the development of artificial intelligence models like ChatGPT
in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton for their work on artificial neural networks and the fundamental algorithms that let machines learn, which are key for today’s large language models like ChatGPT.
“I’m flabbergasted, I had no idea this would happen,” Hinton told the Nobel committee upon hearing the news. “I’m very surprised.” Hinton, who has been vocal aboutaround the development of artificial intelligence, also reiterated that he regretted the work he had done. “In the same circumstances I would do the same again, but I am worried that the overall consequences of this might be systems more intelligent than us that eventually take control.
Many early approaches to artificial intelligence involved giving computer programs logical rules to follow to help solve problems, but this made it difficult to learn about new information or encounter situations they hadn’t seen before.
Hopfield’s algorithm was inspired by work from physics that finds the energy of a magnetic system by describing it as collections of tiny magnets. The technique involves iteratively changing the strength of the connections between the magnets in an attempt to find a minimum value for the energy of the system.at the University of Toronto began developing Hopfield’s idea to help create a closely related machine learning structure called a Boltzmann machine.
However, while the Boltzmann machine proved capable, it was also inefficient and slow and isn’t used in modern systems today. They instead use faster, modernAt the Nobel award conference, Hinton was bullish on the impact that his and Hopfield’s discoveries would have. “It will be comparable with the industrial revolution, but instead of exceeding people in physical strength, it’s going to exceed people in intellectual ability,” said Hinton.
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