I have published papers on dark matter, dark energy, general relativity, and quantum mechanics in American Journal of Physics, Classical & Quantum Gravity, Foundations of Physics, International Journal of Modern Physics D, General Relativity and Gravitation, Studies in History & Philosophy of Modern Physics, International Journal of Quantum...
The year 2025 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of quantum mechanics. In the century since the field's inception, scientists and engineers have used quantum mechanics to create technologies such as lasers, MRI scanners and computer chips.
Quantum computers Quantum information science focuses on building quantum computers based on the quantum"bit" of information, or qubit. The qubit is historically grounded in the discoveries of physicists Max Planck and Einstein. They instigated the development of quantum mechanics in 1900 and 1905, respectively, when they discovered that light exists in discrete, or"quantum," bundles of energy.
By submitting your information you agree to the Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy and are aged 16 or over.That means a quantum computer can do some calculations much faster than an ordinary computer. For example, one device reportedly used 76 entangled qubits to solve a sampling problem 100 trillion times faster than a classical computer.
That gives us an advantage for explaining quantum entanglement because, as physicist John Bell proved in 1964, any explanation for quantum entanglement in terms of forces requires what Einstein called"spooky actions at a distance." Imagine you're mailing two friends, whom physicists typically call Alice and Bob, each one glove from the same pair of gloves. When Alice opens her box and sees a left-hand glove, she'll know immediately that when Bob opens the other box he will see the right-hand glove. Each box and glove combination produces one of two outcomes, either a right-hand glove or a left-hand glove.
Quantum superpositionNow suppose you first measure an electron's spin vertically and find it is up, then you measure its spin horizontally. When you stand straight up, you don't move to your right or your left at all. So, if I measure how much you move side to side as you stand straight up, I'll get zero.
This 50-50 ratio over the binary outcomes is what physicists are talking about when they say that a vertical spin up electron is in a quantum superposition of horizontal spins left and right.
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