Larissa G. Capella is a Brazilian science writer based in the U.S. with a broad passion for the sciences, including physics, astronomy, geoscience, neuroscience, and more. She earned both a B.S. in Physics and a B.A. in English from Western Washington University in 2024.
Jam packed issues filled with the latest cutting-edge research, technology and theories delivered in an entertaining and visually stunning way, aiming to educate and inspire readers of all ageshe three"Red Monsters," captured by the James Webb Space Telescope, are extremely massive, dusty galaxies formed in the first billion years after the Big Bang.
The study was led by an international team at the University of Geneva and utilized data from the FRESCO survey of the JWST. It focused on galaxies withvalues between z=5 and z=9, when the universe was only 1 billion to 1.5 billion years old. Redshift measures how much wavelengths of light coming from distant objects stretch on their way to our detectors due to the expanding universe, with higher values indicating greater distance and age.
The three Red Monsters appear red in the JWST's images due to their large dust content, which makes them absorb shorter wavelengths of light and scatter the remaining light into longer, reddish wavelengths. The JWST can observe them so clearly because it captures infrared light, enabling scientists to see past the dust, unlike the, which is limited to optical light. This ability to see through cosmic dust is one of the reasons JWST has revolutionized our view of the universe.
The stellar masses of these three galaxies are so large that they require a stellar-mass conversion efficiency of about 50%, higher than the typical efficiency observed in galaxies today. For example, most galaxies at later times convert only about 20% of their available gas into stars. These findings suggest that the early universe may have had a different set of conditions that allowed for much faster and more efficient galaxy growth.
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