An invasive species is an organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it's not native. Learn more: InvSpWk NISAW NOAAFisheries sanctuaries noaaocean
Aquatic invasive species are found throughout the world with very few exceptions. They are in wetlands, streams, rivers, bays, and along the coasts, and can be found up to thousands of feet in depth.In some regions of the United States, the problem is more severe than others. Florida, the Great Lakes, and the southern West Coast, for instance, are among the most heavily infested regions.
Undaria pinnatifida, also known as Asian kelp or wakame. This invasive species has colonized many harbors along the California coastline, including in Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Photo: Chad King/NOAAInvasive species can lead to the extinction of native plants and animals, destroy biodiversity, and permanently alter habitats through both direct and indirect effects. This can result in huge economic impacts and fundamental disruptions of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Without controls in their new range, invasive species populations can increase dramatically in a short period of time. This growth may reduce habitat quality, increase microbial exposures, lower biodiversity, and eventually impact fishery resources and protected species.Invasive species are transported to new environments via vectors and pathways.
Intentional and accidental releases of aquaculture species, aquarium discards , and releases of excess live bait are common pathways of species introduction. In addition, aquatic aquaculture can often hyperconentrate a species that causes increases in pathogen problems , and can be a danger if the species is released into the environment.
Additionally, species coming in through the ornamental trade are often housed at many points along the distribution chain in open filtration systems. Along the way, they are exposed to other globally-sourced species with their own histories of pathogen exposure.
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