India is far from achieving its stated goal of eliminating tuberculosis by 2025.
In 2018, India set for itself the lofty goal of eliminating pulmonary tuberculosis by 2025 - five years ahead of the deadline set by the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
Which means that so far, there is no clarity on whether a TB vaccine should induce antibodies, antigen-specific T-cells or boost innate immunity. The ICMR has been testing a recombinant BCG vaccine candidate named VPM1002 and a heat-killed suspension mycobacterium vaccine named Immuvac. "The vaccine efficacy study aims to reduce the incidence of TB among household contacts," says Dr Banu Rekha, who is leading the trial at ICMR's National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai.Some experts, such as Dr Behr, think the trial may have gone on too long. In a high transmission setting in which several people have active or latent TB, a successful vaccine "should demonstrate efficacy" in one to two years, he says.
"Why is TB often called a poor person's disease? A poor person who can only afford poor housing and bad nutrition is more susceptible to contracting TB. To eliminate TB, the disease and its contributory factors have to be understood holistically," Mr Mehra says.
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