Dementia risk is significantly higher in women than in men worldwide, and social + economic disadvantages among women could be to blame, a new study suggests.
Most previous studies that examined sex differences in dementia risk were conducted in high-income countries, Gong noted, leaving a gap in the literature on risk in low- and middle-income countries.
To address this issue, researchers conducted an individual participant meta-analysis of 21 studies from the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium. Data analysis included information on 29,850 people from 18 countries on six continents. None of the participants had dementia at baseline, and the average age was 71.6 years.Overall, women had higher dementia risk than men, but the rates were highest in low- to middle-income economies .
Dementia risk in women was higher than men in 14 countries. Risk was highest in Nigeria, where dementia risk was more than double in women , and lowest in Brazil, where risk was 46% lower in women than in men .
Among all these risk factors, sex differences were only significant for longer education and former alcohol use, with both demonstrating a stronger association in men than women.
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