Gravitational waves hint at a 'supercool' secret about the Big Bang

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Gravitational waves hint at a 'supercool' secret about the Big Bang
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Robert Lea is a science journalist in the U.K. whose articles have been published in Physics World, New Scientist, Astronomy Magazine, All About Space, Newsweek and ZME Science. He also writes about science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of Physics. Rob holds a bachelor of science degree in physics and astronomy from the U.K.

Jam packed issues filled with the latest cutting-edge research, technology and theories delivered in an entertaining and visually stunning way, aiming to educate and inspire readers of all agesIn 2023, physicists were awed to find nearly imperceptible ripples in the fabric of space and time — united as an entity known as spacetime. They were ripples discovered in association with collections of rapidly spinning neutron stars called"pulsar timing arrays.

General relativity goes further than this as well, also suggesting that when objects accelerate, they generate ripples in spacetime — aka, gravitational waves. Though this phenomenon is negligible when it comes to the acceleration of objects on a scale we see on Earth, the effect becomes significant when the acceleration involves massive cosmic objects like supermassive black holes and

This means there must be a different source for these low-frequency nanohertz gravitational waves. The prime suspect? A phase transition just after the Big Bang — a supercool one, to be exact. "These slow transitions would struggle to finish, as the transition rate is slower than the cosmic expansion rate of the universe," Fowlie said."What if the transition sped up at the end? We calculated that even if this helped the transition to end, it would shift the frequency of the waves away from nanohertz."

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