Google Quantum AI has observed non-Abelian anyons for the first time, a breakthrough that could revolutionize quantum computing by making it more robust to noise and leading to topological quantum computation. Our intuition tells us that it should be impossible to see whether two identical object
Researchers were able to observe the curious effects of braiding non-Abelian anyons for the first time. Credit: Google Quantum AI
Non-Abelian anyons — the only particles that have been predicted to break this rule — have been sought for their fascinating features and their potential to revolutionize quantum computing by making the operations more robust to noise. Microsoft and others have chosen this approach for their quantum computing effort. But after decades of efforts by researchers in the field, observing non-Abelian anyons and their strange behavior has proven challenging, to say the least.
Imagine you’re shown two identical objects and then asked to close your eyes. Open them again, and you see the same two objects. How can you determine if they have been swapped? Intuition says that if the objects are truly identical, there is no way to tell. This “memory” of the non-Abelian anyons can be thought of as a continuous line in space-time: the particle’s so-called “world-line.” When two non-Abelian anyons are exchanged, their world-lines wrap around one another. Wrap them in the right way, and the resulting knots and braids form the basic operations of a topological quantum computer.
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