Africantrypanosomes mapped for the first time to understand evolution and potential treatments warwickuni NatureMicrobiol
). The functional importance of this is unclear: is the cell posterior just a common site for sequestration? However, the proteins present suggest cell cycle-dependent membrane management for abscission of the plasma, ER and mitochondrial membranes.Protein localization—and the timing of localization—is central to cell function, defining the site of action of a protein, the substrates or interaction partners available and when they may interact.
Some specializations reflect adaptations for parasitism, and represent streamlining or examples of ‘extreme biology’ where normal structures become highly elaborated. We show recent morphology-associated adaptations in the cytoskeleton, especially those associated with the flagellar pocket, defining the molecular machinery underlying the characteristic trypanosomatid parasite morphologies. Our data hint at new adaptation themes.
Protein localization has an intrinsic limitation that the protein must be expressed to be localized. Our data report the procyclic form expression programme. This caveat applies to life-cycle-specific expression in other unicellular organisms, such as spores and meiotic stages in yeast or the multitude of life cycle stages in apicomplexa. This is therefore a generic issue for protein localization databases in all systems.
Localization may also be influenced by the position of the tag, disrupting cryptic post-translational modifications, targeting sequences or only localize part of the protein if proteolytically cleaved. Also, spatial positions are informative: for example, the large TAC protein p197, where the visibly different but adjacent localizations by N and C terminal tagging probably reflect its size and orientation.
Genome-wide protein localization is important for all organelles, particularly in a highly structured cell such as. Our database is important for interpreting how cellular complexity is encoded by a genome and is modulated in space and time.is now the fourth eukaryote, the first eukaryotic pathogen and the first flagellate for which a genome-wide protein localization resource has been constructed.
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