Fireworks and Birds: The Hidden Costs of Celebration

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Fireworks and Birds: The Hidden Costs of Celebration
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Changes in bird behavior persist long after the fireworks are gone. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior in Konstanz, Germany, and the Netherlands Institute of Ecology used GPS tracking to study the migration patterns of Arctic geese in Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands

used GPS tracking to study the migration patterns of Arctic geese in Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands during the New Year period. By analyzing the movement data of 347 geese, they were able to observe the impact of fireworks on the birds’ behavior. On New Year’s Eve, the geese were found to abruptly leave their roosting sites and fly to areas further away from human settlements.

During the last decade, studies in Europe have begun to uncover the negative impacts of fireworks on wild birds. A study from 2011 used weather radar to show that thousands of birds in the Netherlands erupted into the air at midnight on New Year’s Eve when fireworks began. But research has yet to create a clear picture of if fireworks change important behaviors, such as eating and sleeping, and whether or not birds are able to bounce back after the immediate disturbance.

The four species studied were greater white-fronted, barnacle, pink-footed, and bean geese. Are all Arctic migratory species, which spend their winters resting and feeding in Northern Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands. But the study’s findings reveal significant changes to the wintering behavior of all species in response to fireworks. Normally, geese returned to the same water body for several nights, resting on the surface and moving very little, thus saving essential energy.

In the final year of the study, the team was offered a unique opportunity to control for the effect of fireworks. The pandemic lockdown of 2020/2021 led to a widespread firework ban and greatly reduced levels of disturbance. Despite this, the effects of increased flight activity, distance, and altitude were still present on New Year’s Eve in two of the four goose species.

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